PubMed: Applying Subheadings and Other Features Using the MeSH Database
This video demonstrates several features of the MeSH database that can be used to create a more targeted subject search.
PubMed’s Single Citation Matcher is used to locate an article in PubMed when you already have full or partial citation information for the article. Follow these steps:
Step 1: Access the Single Citation Matcher from the PubMed Homepage under the “PubMed Tools” column.
Step 2: Enter as much citation information as you have available in the corresponding text boxes.
Step 3: If you enter a journal title or author, you will be prompted with choices from a drop-down selection. Click on the correct title/author. (Note: you can write journal titles in their abbreviated formats.)
Step 4: Click “Search” or press enter on your keyboard. Depending on the number of citations matching the information you enter, you will be taken to a list of potential matches or to the article’s citation entry.
This review will concentrate on the consequences of sleep deprivation in adult humans. These findings form a paradigm that serves to demonstrate many of the critical functions of the sleep states.
The drive to obtain food, water, and sleep constitutes important vegetative appetites throughout the animal kingdom. Unlike nutrition and hydration, the reasons for sleep have largely remained speculative. When adult humans are nonspecifically sleep-deprived, systemic effects may include defects in cognition, vigilance, emotional stability, risk-taking, and, possibly, moral reasoning. Appetite (for foodstuffs) increases and glucose intolerance may ensue. Procedural, declarative, and emotional memory are affected. Widespread alterations of immune function and inflammatory regulators can be observed, and functional MRI reveals profound changes in regional cerebral activity related to attention and memory. Selective deprivation of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, on the contrary, appears to be more activating and to have lesser effects on immunity and inflammation.
The findings support a critical need for sleep due to the widespread effects on the adult human that result from nonselective sleep deprivation. The effects of selective REM deprivation appear to be different and possibly less profound, and the functions of this sleep state remain enigmatic.
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